A Review of Challenges Militating Against Successful E-Learning And M-Learning Implementations in Developing Countries

Abstract

Abstract— Research has shown that most of the challenges faced by tertiary institutions, in their quest for E-Learning implementations, in sub-Saharan Africa are infrastructural. High costs of limited Internet access, high costs of hardware infrastructure, and little or no implementation knowledge have been identified, amongst others, as major challenges limiting the successful implementation of E-Learning in developing countries. Therefore, there is a need to understand all challenges that have been found, and to some extent met, in developed countries as well as additional challenges, if any, that may be met in developing countries [1]. This paper, by means of an extensive and systematic review of related literature, identifies the major challenges to successful E Learning implementations in developing countries. It identifies how M-Learning is being implemented and its propensity for widespread adoption.