Prevalence and Determinants of Contraceptive Use in Rural Northeastern Nigeria: Results of a Mixed Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment

Abstract

Background: Family planning is an effective intervention for promoting maternal health, but its acceptability and utilization are impeded by many factors in Northern Nigeria. This study aims to assess the prevalence and identify determinants of contraceptive use in a rural setting. Methods: A mixed method cross‑sectional descriptive study was conducted in Gumau, a rural community of Bauchi State, Northeastern Nigeria. Quantitative data were collected using an interviewer‑administered questionnaire while the qualitative data were collected using focus group discussions with selected women and their husbands, and key informant interviews with family planning service providers. Results: Family planning commodities were regularly available in the community and the prevalence of current contraceptive use was 26%. The main determinants included age <35 years (odds ratio [OR] = 3.0; confidence interval [CI] = 1.0–8.9; P = 0.028), Christian religious affiliation (OR = 2.4; CI = 1.1–4.9; P = 0.025), and spousal support (OR = 55.1; CI = 16.0–189.8; P = 0.000). The qualitative data also reinforced the crucial role of sociocultural factors, especially men in decision‑making and contraceptive uptake. Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors, especially spousal support is a key determinant of contraceptive use that should be considered in the design of acceptable family planning intervention.